Question and Answers of Social Studies for SEE

 

1. Mention the reasons for dividing Nepal into provinces.

   The reasons for dividing Nepal into provinces are as follows:

   a. To run the administration efficiently.

   b. To develop all areas of the country in a proportionate manner,

   c. To solve the migration problem,

   d. To make maximum use of the existing natural resources and means in the

      country.

2. What do you mean by proportional development? Explain the importance and necessity of public participation in local development with examples.

 Equitable and balanced development that covers all parts and regions of the     country is called proportional development. Effective and meaningful inclusion   of the people or the beneficiary classes at every level of the development process   is called people's participation. Its need and importance is as follows:

 To reduce the dependence on development by making development works and activities such as road construction, drinking water project, operation, and conservation of natural resources etc. fast, people-friendly, effective, and result-oriented.

To ensure sustainable development by maintaining good governance through the use of local resources and means,

To enhance the skills and capacity of local people in conducting and managing development works and activities,

To increase ownership, ownership and responsibility in the infrastructure and functions of people's development,

3. What is state restructuring? Write the main challenges seen in the state                    restructuring process of Nepal in three points.

Reorganizing the geographical and administrative divisions of a unitary state into federal according to necessity and policy of the state is called state restructuring. When the federal state is unitary or when the unitary state is federal, the state is restructured. The concept of restructuring to become a federal republic has come up in Nepal. The main challenges in this process of restructuring are as follows:

The parties do not agree on the division of the geographical and administrative units that will be divided during the restructuring.

Political parties need to present party-based restructuring and various bases and the people should seek self-identity.

  Lack of public opinion to restructure the state on many grounds due to                    geographical and ethnic diversity.

4. Write down any of the three benefits of a federal state, based on the naming          of the provinces under the federal state.

     Basis to be taken while naming the provinces under the federal state:

     Geography                           Ethnic identity

     Historical feature                Federal State Benefits:

    Increasing competition between states or provinces

    Proper mobilization of its resources and means

    Self-reliance should not be the focus of the center.

5. Write the names of any four areas in the federal system of government that        are controlled only by the central government.

  In the federal system of government, only the central government is in control

      Border Security Building and implementing a national economy

      Foreign Affairs Army Operations

6. Prepare details on Melamchi Drinking Water Project based on the following      points.

     Name of the Project

     Purpose of the Project                  Service Sector Support Organization

 The Melamchi Drinking Water Project has been started with the objective of     supplying drinking water to the urban areas of Kathmandu Valley. The project   has been started with the objective of solving the drinking water problem of the   Kathmandu Valley by bringing 170 million liters of water daily. Its service area is the urban area of ​​three districts within the Kathmandu Valley. The project has been supported by the Asian Development Bank and various donor agencies and the Government of Nepal is also responsible for it.

7. Why is the federal system of government called state restructuring in the            context of Nepal? Present your arguments. (SLC 2070)

   The political division of the country and the changes made in the administrative units according to the needs and policies of the state are called  state restructuring. Along with Nepal's political movement and change, the construction of federalism has been called the restructuring of the state.

The existing unitary system of governance in the country has not been able to    solve the existing problems and contribute to the balanced development of the  country.

For the proportional and balanced development of all castes, classes and   regions, the formation of federations has been considered as the main basis of  state restructuring as the federal system of government is relevant and more     effective.

In the federal system of government, the entire system of the existing unitary    system of government is changed as the system of governance of the country is  run by the central and state governments.

8. Nepal has been declared a federal democratic republic. The implementation   of federal rule is said to be challenging from Nepal's economic, social and   political point of view. Give us your thoughts on this.

Although Nepal has been declared a federal democratic republic, it has been   implemented. The division of the federal states, i.e. restructuring, was now a  major issue in Nepal. In a country like Nepal with geographical and social  diversity and unequal distribution of resources, there are various problems and challenges in the implementation of federalism. These challenges are presented here.

    From an economic point of view, thrift in federalism is very challenging for a developing country like Nepal. Due to the large size of the federal and state government mechanisms, this has increased administrative costs. As the availability of natural resources and sources of income are not equal in all the states, conflict has been created between the states in the distribution and use of resources.

From a social point of view, maintaining unity, tolerance and understanding between groups of different social and cultural backgrounds living within the same state has become a challenge. Guaranteeing the principle of equality in naming the state and linguistic identity seems challenging.

From such a political point of view, maintaining identity, effective coordination between the center and the state and the state in policy formulation and implementation seems challenging.

If federalism develops the ambition of the states and the tendency to secede from the center, it can pose a major challenge to national integrity and indivisibility.

 

१ . नेपाललाई प्रदेशमा विभाजन गर्नुका कारणहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।

   नेपाललाई प्रदेशमा विभाजन गर्नुका कारणहरु निम्नलिखित छन् ः

   क. दक्षरुपमा प्रशासन सञ्चालन गर्नु ।

   ख. देशको सबै क्षेत्रलाई समानुपातिक रुपमा विकास गर्न,

   ग. बसाइ–सराइ समस्याको समाधान गर्न,

   घ. देशमा विद्यमान प्राकृतिक स्रोत र साधनहरुको अधिकतम उपयोग गर्न ।

२ . समानुपातिक विकास भन्नाले के बुझ्नुहुन्छ ? स्थानीय विकासमा जनसहभागिताको महत्व तथाआवश्यकतालाई उदाहरणसहित प्रष्ट पार्नुहोस् । 

 देशको सबै भाग तथा क्षेत्रलाई समेट्ने गरी गरिने समान तथा सन्तुलन विकासलाई समानुपातिक विकास भनिन्छ । विकास प्रक्रियाको हरेक तहहरुमा जनताको वा लाभान्वित वर्गहरुको प्रभावकारी तथा अर्थपूर्ण समावेशीलाई जनसहभागिता भनिन्छ । यसको आवश्यकता तथा महत्व निम्नअनुसार छ ः

 विकासका कार्यहरु तथा गतिविधिहरु जस्तो सडक निमार्ण, खानेपानी परियोजना, प्राकृतिक श्रोतहरुको परिचालन तथा संरक्षण इत्यादिलाई छरितो, जनमैत्री, प्रभावकारी र नतिजामुखी बनाई विकासमा परनिर्भरतालाई घटाउन

स्थानीय श्रोत तथा साधनहरुको प्रयोगमा सुशासन कायम राखी दिगो विकास सुनिश्चित गर्न,

विकासका कार्य तथा गतिविधिहरुको सञ्चालन तथा व्यवस्थापनमा स्थानीय जनताहरुको सीप तथा क्षमता अभिवृद्धि गर्न,

जनताको विकासको पूर्वाधार तथा कार्यहरुमा स्वामित्व, अपनत्व र जिम्मेवारी बढाउन,

३ . राज्यको पुनःसंरचना भनेको के हो ? नेपालको राज्य पुनसंरचना प्रक्रियामा देखिएका मुख्य चुनौतीहरु तीन बुँदामा लेख्नुहोस् ।

एकात्मक राज्य भएका देशको भौगोलिक र प्रशासनिक विभाजनलाई सङ्घीय वा अन्य दृष्टिले पुनः विभाजन गर्नुलाई राज्यको पुनःसंरचना भनिन्छ । सङ्घीय राज्य एकात्मक हुँदा वा एकात्मक राज्य सङ्घीय हुँदा राज्यको पुनःसंरचना हुन्छ । नेपालमा सङ्घीय गणतन्त्र बन्ने गरी पुनःसंरचनाको अवाधारणा आएको छ । पुनःसंरचनाको यस प्रक्रियाका मुख्य चुनौती निम्निलिखित छन्ः

पुनःसंरचना हुँदा विभाजन हुने भौगोलिक र प्रशासकीय एकाइ विभाजनमा दलहरुको मत नमिल्नु ।

राजनीतिक दलहरुबाट दलीय रुपमा पुनःसंरचनाका र विभिन्न आधार प्रस्तुत हुनु र जनताले स्वपहिचानको खोजी गर्नु ।

भौगोलिक र जातीय विविधताका कारण धेरै आधारमा राज्य पुनःसंरचना गर्न जनमत प्राप्त नहुनु ।

४ . सङ्घीय राज्यअन्तर्गत प्रदेशहरुको नामकरण गर्दा लिनुपर्ने आधार लेख्दै सङ्घीय राज्यका कुनै तीनओटा फाइदा लेख्नुहोस् ।

  सङ्घीय राज्यअन्तर्गत प्रदेशहरुको नामकरण गर्दा लिनुपर्ने आधार ः

   भूगोल                         जातीय पहिचान               ऐतिहासिक विशेषता

 सङ्घीय राज्य फाइदा  

राज्य वा प्रान्तहरुबीच प्रतिस्पर्धा बढ्ने                    आफ्ना श्रोत र साधनहरुको उचित परिचालन हुने

आत्मनिर्भरता बढी केन्द्रको मुख ताक्नु नपर्ने ।

५ . सङ्घीय शासनप्रणालीमा केन्द्रीय सरकारको मात्र नियन्त्रणमा रहने कुनै चार क्षेत्रको नाम लेख्नुहोस् ।

  सङ्घीय शासनप्रणालीमा केन्द्रीय सरकारको मात्र नियन्त्रणमा रहन्छन्

   सीमा सुरक्षा                           राष्ट्रिय अर्थनीति निमार्ण र कार्यान्वयन

   वैदेशिक मामिला                    सेना परिचालन 

६ . मेलम्ची खानेपानी आयोजनाका सम्बन्धमा निम्न बुँदाका आधारमा विवरण तयारपार्नुहोस् ।

  आयोजनाको नाम   आयोजनाको उद्देश्य   आयोजनाको सेवा क्षेत्र   सहयोगी संस्था

 काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको शहरी क्षेत्रमा खानेपानी पु¥याउने उद्देश्यले मेलम्ची खानेपानी आयोजना सुरु गरिएको हो । काठमाडौँमा दैनिक १७ करोड लिटर पानी ल्याई उपत्यकाको खानेपानी समस्या समाधान गर्ने उद्देश्यले यो आयोजना सुरु गरिएको हो । यसको सेवा क्षेत्र काठमार्डाैँ उपत्यकाभित्रका तीन जिल्लाका शहरी क्षेत्र रहेको छ । यस आयोजनालाई एशियाली विकास बैङ्क र विभिन्न दातृ निकायले सहयोग गरेका छन् भने यसमा नेपाल सरकारको पनि दायित्व रहेको छ । 

७ . सङ्घीय शासन प्रणालीलाई नेपालको सन्दर्भमा किन राज्य पुनः संरचना भनिएको हो ? आफ्नो तर्कहरु प्रस्तुत गर्नुहोस् । 

    देशको राजनैतिक विभाजन तथा प्रशासनिक एकाइहरुमा राज्यको आवश्यकता तथा नीति अनुसार गरिने फेरबदललाई राज्यको पुनः संरचना भनिन्छ । नेपालको राजनैतिक आन्दोलन तथा परिवर्तनसँगै सङ्घीयताको निमार्णलाई राज्यको पुनः संरचना भनिएको हो ।

    देशमा विद्यमान एकात्मक शासन प्रणालीले देशमा विद्यमान समस्याहरुको समाधान तथा सन्तुलित विकासमा योगदान नपु¥याएको राज्य पुनः संरचना अगाडि सारिएको हो ।

    सम्पूर्ण जातजाति, वर्ग तथा क्षेत्रको समानुपातिक तथा सन्तुलित विकासको लागि सङ्घीय शासन व्यवस्था नै सान्दर्भिक र बढी प्रभावकारी हुने ठहर गरी संघहरुको निमार्ण राज्य पुनः संरचनाको मुख्य आधार मानिएको छ ।

    सङ्घीय शासन प्रणालीमा देशको शासकीय व्यवस्था केन्द्रीय तथा राज्य सरकारद्वारा सञ्चालन गरिने हुँदा विद्यमान एकात्मक शासकीय व्यवस्थाको सम्पूर्ण संरचनामा फेरबदल हुन्छ ।

 ८ . नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र राष्ट्र भनी घोषणा गरिसकिएको छ । सङ्घीय शासनको कार्यान्वयन नेपालको आर्थिक, सामाजिक तथा राजनीतिक दृष्टिकोणले चुनौतीपूर्ण छ भन्ने गरिन्छ । यसबारेमा तपाईको विचार प्रस्तुत गर्नुहोस् ।

    नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र राष्ट्र भनी घोषणा गरिसकिएको भएतापनि यसको कार्यान्वयन भइसकेको छ । सङ्घीय राज्यहरुको विभाजन अर्थात् पुर्नसंरचना अहिले नेपालको एउटा प्रमुख मुद्दाको रुपमा रहेको थियो । नेपालजस्तो भौगोलिक तथा सामाजिक विविधता तथा भिन्नता र श्रोतहरुको असमान वितरण भएको देशमा सङ्घीयताको कार्यान्वयनमा विभिन्न समस्या चुनौतीहरु रहेका छन् । यी चुनौतीहरु यहाँ प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।

    आर्थिक दृष्टिकोणले नेपालजस्तो विकासोन्मुख देशको लागि सङ्घीयतामा मितव्ययिता निकै चुनौतीपूर्ण देखिएको छ । सङ्घीय सरकार र राज्यसरकारअन्तर्गत रहने संयन्त्रहरुको आकार निकै ठूलो हुने हुँदा यसले प्रशासनिक खर्चलाई बढाएको छ । सबै राज्यहरुमा प्राकृतिक स्रोतहरुको उपलब्धता र आम्दानीको स्रोत समान नभएको हुँदा स्रोतहरुको बाँडफाँड र प्रयोगमा राज्य–राज्यबीच द्वन्द्वको सिर्जना गराएको छ ।

    सामाजिक दृष्टिकोणले एउटै राज्यभित्र बसोबास गर्ने भिन्नभिन्न सामाजिक तथा साँस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमिका समूहहरुको बीचमा एकता, सहिष्णुता र समझदारी कायम राख्नु चुनौतीपूर्ण भएको छ । राज्यको नामकरण तथा भाषिक पहिचानमा समन्यायको सिद्धान्तको प्रत्याभूत गर्नु चुनौतीपूर्ण देखिन्छ ।

    यस्तै राजनीतिक दृष्टिकोणले नीति निमार्ण र कार्यान्वयनमा तादात्म्यता, केन्द्र र राज्य तथा राज्यबीचमा प्रभावकारी समन्वय कायम राख्नु चुनौतीपूर्ण देखिन्छ ।

    सङ्घीय शासनमा राज्यहरुको महत्वाकांक्षा र केन्द्रबाट अलगाव हुने प्रवृत्तिको विकास भयो भने यसले राष्ट्रिय अखण्डता तथा अविभाज्यतामा ठूलो चुनौती सिर्जना हुनसक्छ । 



  














 

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