Infrastructure of Development (Social Studies Class 10) Nepal

 

1. Explain the advantages of Sustainable Development.

Ans: Long-term development simply mean sustainable development. It gives highlight on protecting the nature as well.

The advantages of sustainable development are depicted below:

a. Conservation of environment.

b. Emphasis on renew, recycle and reuse approaches.

c. Handling over safe future to the new generation.

d. Sustainable management of locally available means and resources.

e. Achievement, mobilization and conservation of resources.

f. Control consumerist culture.

g. Justifiable distribution of resources.

h. Assuring high and appropriate economic growth.

2. What should we emphasize more while launching projects according to the concept of sustainable development?

Ans: Proper interaction of human beings with the nature creates development and the way it is performed determines the sustainability of development. In general, eco-friendly conducts make sure for the execution of sustainable development.

To launch any projects according to the concept of sustainable development, we should emphasize on the following matters.

a. Management of residential sites should be done in the way that it does not harm them in any way.

b. More should benefitted from the development that also preserves the nature.

c. Proper testing and experiment on the possibility of loss should be made before starting the projects.

d. The need of development should not be pricier than the preservation of environment. The less care we pay, the more destruction we bear. So, development should be within the limit of preservation of nature.

e. Proper management of disposal of garbage should be done accordingly.

3. Describe the objectives of Sustainable development.

Ans: The objectives of Sustainable development are as follows:

a. Good relation between means and resources and humans make development. To make sure for effective conservation of environment, there should be public involvement in every affair.

b. To support in poverty alleviation is an objective of sustainable development. As it encourages for proper use of means and resources, it strengthens the earning of the people. It also generates more employment opportunities for the common.

c. To develop and progress in humanity means that humanitarian essence is established among the groups of people divided on the basis of caste, breed, culture, spatial resources. Right cultural practices are brought in where there is prosperity.

d. To make optimum consumption of available means and resources minimizes environmental hazards.

4. What do you think should be done by Nepal for sustainable development?

Nepal is a developing country. There are illiterate and unaware people as well. As such, the following things should be done for sustainable development.

a. Inappropriate exploitation of natural resources should be prohibited and stopped.

b. The state should be very sensible towards making appropriate policies, law and order and maintaining it.

c. There should be strong and efficient mechanism to properly plan and execute between development and environment.

d. Everybody should be trained, taught and encouraged for making wiser way of reusing, recycling and renewing of energy sources.

6. Do a pair of work with your classmates on listing out the points related to problems and challenges of sustainable development in Nepal?

Ans: Problems and challenges of Sustainable development

Pair group of Priya and Rojina	Pair group of Sangay and Jenisha
poor policy of the state	haphazard use of natural resources
traditional concept of development in people	lack of awareness regarding environment
sense of unhealthy commercialization for affluence	increase in the use of insecticides and pesticides

 

7. Choose one of the projects going on in your community and present your ideas to operate the project according to the principles of sustainable development. You may take support of the following subtiles.

Ans: As a resident of Kankai Municipality, Ward no.1, Lalipani & Dadagaon, Jhapa, I present the details in the following ways.

a.       Name of the project

Surunga Khanepani

b.      Location

Kankai Municipality, Ward no. 1, 2 & 3, Jhapa

c.       Objective

To supply pure drinking water to the people of Kankai Municipality.

d.      conditions of public participation

As the project has been supported and funded by Kosan and the people of Kankai Municipality technically for 70 percent of investments, there will be 30 percent borne by the people. A special operation committee is formed from the among the consumers and everything regarding the project will be decided by the group.

e.       Expected capital

About 25 lakhs of the capital is expected for the project and 50% of which will be managed by the Kankai Municipality and the rest 25% will be managed by the Government's sahari bikas and khanepani kosh. Other remaining fund is generated from the local people and their contribution of labour.

f.        Duration of the project

Tentatively the project is supposed to be completed in the duration of 18 months from the date of is beginning.

g.      Targeted group

The local people of Kankai Municipality are the targeted group of the project.

h.      Alternatives to minimizes possible environmental hazards

Surunga Khanepani Aayojan is constructed to supply pure drinking water to the residents of Kankai Municipality. It covers an area of about 400 sq.km and fulfils the need of about 3,00,000 people living in the municipality.

To minimize possible environmental hazards in the area due to the project, the following policy is applied.

a.       By the involvement of the experts, there will be a detail survey made to estimate the possible situation of destruction.

b.      Very scientific tools and technologies are used to find the geo-physical situation of the area and programmes are determined accordingly.

c.       Protection of nature and its bio-physical diversity is considered important and is given top priority.

8. Present a model of a plan you make for a development project that is going to be conducted in your locality with the concept of sustainable development.

Ans:                                                     Model of a plan

Name of the project: Lew Khola Mini Hydro-Project, Illam

Location site - Chisapani Village Development Committee - Lodiya, Illam

Investor Company: Shree Antu Developers and Mai Valley Developers Co, Ltd. (Jointly)

Hydro-Project capacity: 2.5 MW

Estimated amount : 9 Arab (nine billion)

Targeted duration of completion: 3.5 years (if not affected by political impacts and natural disasters)

Targeted beneficiaries: surrounding 20 VDCs

Possible impacts on environment: The utilization of existing local road need to be expanded for which few trees stretching on the way of around 5 km have to be cut off; similarly stones and sand deposited in the nearby local river will be exploited for the infrastructure construction like roads, dams, power house and office buildings, people and minor wild animals in the nearby jungle may be affected by dust and noise pollution until completed.

Facilities ensured for the people: The local people will be assured with around 10% of ordinary shares of the total investment; the skilled and unskilled manpower would be given preference in technical and administrative sector with prior trainings.

Mitigatory measures: Utmost preference would be given to ensure lesser environmental damage, as all the technical, legal, social, economic issues aspects have been passed by the government of Nepal. The team of engineers has regularly been mobilized for instruction, inspection and supervision.

Prospect of this project: The place is close to Terai, huge amount of cultivation is done by the people, so rice mills and oil mills can run there. Similarly there are two tea factories, which will run effectively never running short of energy.

9. 'Unmanaged development causes nothing other than destruction'. Clarify this statement with examples discussing among the group.

Development is a dynamic process, and it is essential. The growing population and development should go simultaneously. Development enhances our lives to modified condition. Out of various types of infrastructural development, construction of roadways, hydro-electricity, cable car, bridges, etc are especially considered sensitive because physical environment is directly affected with human and wild lives.

One should always be aware that development is not a matter of overnight change. There are various processes to be conducted before any development work is executed. Proposal making, funding and budgeting, accumulating necessary documents, technical survey, acquiring approval from the concerned government authority etc are inevitable preliminary processes. If anyone ignores these minimum requirements and makes haste with unsystematic cities roadways is very important, Without regular surveys, instruction and supervision of the engineers and technicians, the opening of the tracks would be distrastrous. They adopt the idea of damaging fewer trees. It may be more sensitive in especially Hilly and Himalaya areas. Doing it systematically would have less impact of landslide. Systematic and well-managed developmental process results to sustainable development with positive outcomes.

10. Compose a conversation held between two friends on 'the essence of sustainable development'.

Ans: (Two friend of a village and the same school planned to visit the nearby built hydro-project)

Devi:   Hello Tendi, are you ready for our plan?

Tendi:  Of course, I had the meal and heading to meet you to visit the site as we planned.

(walking down for around half an hour they come to the hydro-power building sites)

Tendi:  Devi, this place is so wonderful. Full of heavy vehicles, too many people working in group. Look, the flow of the river has been changed to other side. Our village is getting a new life with the construction of wider road. Its future prospect is going to be good.

Devi:   It is good, but you see so many trees got wasted around, our teacher had said that cutting off trees would cause landslide in the monsoon season.

Tendi:  That is right, but when I heard my father and other neighbours speaking, I learnt that this project doesn't only bring change in our lives but it is doing its best to conserve environment too. The engineers are too conscious for it. And Devi, do you think that without cutting off few trees, construction of roads or hydro-power become complete?

Devi:   Yes, my concern is both on development and protection of environment. I am not against development. My opinion is that caring of environment is a foremost preference. There should not be any haphazard use of means and resources.

Tendi:  We should also be very conscious regarding the conservation of environment. We should also show initiatives to do replantation when we cut down the trees. But we have also seen that many river banks in some areas of the hills and Terai have been exploited unwisely that may cause serious problems in the future. Likewise, in the name of commercialization, the use of pesticides and insecticides have damaged the natural productive power of the land as well as our health.

Devi:   In fact, this should be our concern. The modern world should be very conscious regarding sustainable development. We must show our boldness towards rejecting any development that does not sustain for long term.

11. There might be some development projects ongoing in your locality that threats the concept of sustainable development. Visiting that site, identify the sectors that have to be reformed.

Ans: I am from Sindhupalchowk district. All the villages and municipality areas line in the hilly regin. It lies in the Bagmati zone and is very near to capital city, but so many areas suffer from the misfortune of lying in the rural area.

    after a long awaited patience and pressure, road construction project is taking place there. It has been identified that a 'B' class construction company called 'Himal Builders' and Developers Co. Ltd. has got the contract to complete the local road construction. The road network connects several villages of about seven village development committees, where the people were almost hopeless of getting road links. It is approximately of 100 kms. From the district headquarter the road construction is taking place at the northern east lying in the border of Sindupalchowk and Ramechhap districts. It is definitely such a project of optimism and the villagers are getting delighted of their future days. But many people who do not know the fact is that the construction company has not been serious on environmental issues. Some educated people have reported the fact that there came no any experts or engineers for making effective survey and technical instruction. In the name of construction, the trees have been mercilessly destroyed. It is said that some people of vested interest took some unfair advantage of those trees for their personal sake. The road tracks have been reported of building narrower for at least two vehicles to pass by.

    As we learnt about these drawbacks, some of the young educated fellow being, originally belonging to one of the these villages, had visited there. One of the fellows who had studied engineering in the capital city showed some serious concern after going through some paper documents of the project.

   My friend made few queries to the concerned authority available in the project site about some technical aspects which were not fulfilled as per the agreement made with the government.

    He objected on the way the trees were so randomly and unnecessarily destroyed. He also inquired on the disappearance of the engineers and technicians in the site area.

    Similarly, my friend advised to make a fulfilment of the width criteria of minimum five metres. He also pointed out and inquired for the reason on delaying for the construction of time length, because the contractor had seemed delaying the project without reason just completing 10 percent in two years period. A regular survey and technical assistance is required but that was not provided here. He pointed out that mistake and alarmed for its effective and efficient acceleration.