Social Studies 10

 

1. Which type of investment do you prefer in the ongoing development projects in Nepal either internal or foreign? Evaluate. (SEE 2074 AC)

Ans: I prefer internal investment in the ongoing development projects in Nepal. The reasons are as  follows:

   a) The internal investment makes the country self-reliant by decreasing dependency on foreign countries.

    b) It assures the sustainability of the projects.

    c) It increases trust on government and creates favorable environment for future projects

    d) It helps to complete the projects on own model/design

2. Clarify the positive effects of the National project of pride that is in operation in your province in four points. [OCE Model Question 2074, Set 2]

Ans: Projects of national glory are such development projects that are of huge importance and priority and declared so by the state. Following are some of the positive impacts of projects of national glory operated in our province

       a) They help in the development of infrastructures such as transportation, irrigation, drinking water, hydroelectricity and so on.

       b) They bring about many facilities and comfort in the life of citizens, Nation has better connectivity with other countries of the world due to such projects That brings better access and consequent positive changes in people's life d) Such projects help is mobilizing available means and resources

      c) They also bring diversity in income generation opportunities to the people,

Q.3 If you are a member of National Planning Commission, what kind of project would you launch in your province? Why?

Ans National Planning Commission assists the Government of Nepal to design its periodic programs Yearly budget for every fiscal year is also designed accordingly. If I were a member of the National Planning Commission, I would launch a project for managing drinking water in my province. As the province is spread mostly in the Hill and Mountain region of Nepal, there is the scarcity of drinking water in most of the towns and villages. The project is chosen for my province due to the following reasons.

a.    Water sustains our life. Without water no one can maintain living to fetch water for the use of households, females and males have to spend a huge time. If water is supplied there through pipes, their and labor can be used in other more productive sectors.

b.    People have been compelled to use drinking water from open sources which have caused various forms of communicable diseases. To keep the people away from the disease, it is essential to supply drinking water there in a managed way.

c.    Even the constitution of Nepal has assured the right to health for the public as a fundamental right. To make people feel that there are cared for by the state in their fundamental need, people need to fulfill drinking water supply Sanitary needs will be managed from enough supply of water, It controls the spread of diseases, too

4. How is the progress of the ongoing projects in Nepali Collect the detail from various sources (Like- internet, books etc)

Ans: Nepal is an underdeveloped country. Though it has high potential in hydropower and tourism, they have not been optimally consumed. They are yet to be explored. The Government of Nepal yearly permits for new projects and manages resources for the additional ones. Though there are lots of efforts made in Nepal, many of them are not being run according to the required way. As per the details available on the internet or other sources on the situation of Nepali projects, it seems dissatisfactory. About 20% of them only is completed according to the system of management. Half of the rest seems to be gradually running Other are ignored or not given high priorities from the authorities concerned.

Here we can present an example of some of the failed projects, that once were considered as the projects of national pride. Melamchi Drinking-Water Project was declared as the project of national pride in 2048 BS by the then government of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai. Even though this project was also kept in high priority by the following governments, it has not yet been succeeded. Similarly, the authority of constructing the Fast Track to connect Kathmandu with the Terai through the shortest roadway has been in trouble due to some political limitations. It has finally been decided that the project will be run by the Government of Nepal itself. Some high-level agreements with the investors of Chinese companies have gone in vain India shows high interest in the projects of Nepal, but the record shows that it has not been successful in many cases

Many projects run with public-private partnerships in Nepal seem more successful in Nepal. They are going on well.

On the other hand, Nepal has not been able to bring better investment from the European and American countries. So, managing the investment of national and international investors is necessary for the development of Nepal. There should be strict rules and regulations declared for the investors. Only then the progress of projects goes better in Nepal. Give a brief introduction of the following projects in Nepal.

a. Bheri Babai Diversion Multipurpose Project (BBDMP)

Ans: Bheri Babai Diversion Multipurpose Project (BBDMP) has also been classified by the Government of Nepal as "Project of National Pride". This project is about 562 km far from Kathmandu In the project, it is aimed to transfer a huge amount of water from Bheri River to Babai River to provide round the year irrigation to 51,000 Hectare cultivation land in Bardiya and Banke districts. A powerhouse on the bank of Babai River will be constructed that will generate hydropower of about 48 MW. Terai Hulaki Highway

b. Terai Hulaki Highway

Ans: Hulaki Rajmarga or Hulaki Highway is an under-construction highway of about 1,700 km in terai plains. This highway will connect the eastern part of Nepal to the far western part. Generally, this highway will run very near to the Indo-Nepal border and somehow parallel to the Mahendra Highway (east-west highway). The Mahendra Highway also runs through the Terai districts but about 20 miles north. Literally, Hulaki means Postman in the Nepali language. During the Rana regime (1846-1951), the Hulaki route was used to transport Mails by postman When the Mahendra Highway was planned in the 1970s, the Hulaki route was one of the routes proposed for the Highway. But the developers at that time decided to run the highway a little bit north through the foothills of Chure. Second Regional International Airport, Nijgadh, Bara c. Second Regional International Airport, Nijgadh, Bara

Ans: Nijgadh of Bara district of Nepal has been targeted as a site for an international airport that could handle 15 million passengers and even accommodate the superjumbo Airbus after the first phase of construction. The report in 2011 AD on the feasibility of the airport stated that the airport would cover 3,000 hectares of land, 2.000 hectares for the airport and the remaining 1,000 for the airport city, Although Nepal has proposed two other international airports at Nijgadh and Pokhara in the proximity of Tribhuwan International Airport, its construction process has just begun With the runway of 3000 meters, the airport will have the capacity of serving 760,000 passengers annually after the completion of its first phase. The contractor will construct a new runway, exit, and parallel taxiways with flexible pavements, new international aircraft parking apron with rigid pavements. The contractor will also rehabilitate the existing runway for conversion into parallel taxiway, drainage system parallel to the runway, taxiway, and diversion of the Ghaghara River and airport boundary Pashupati Area Development Trust (PADT)

d. Pashupati Area Development Trust (PADT)

Ans: Pashupati Arca Development Trust (PADT) is a trust established to conserve and operate the Pashupatinath Temple and other charitable institution in the Pashupatinath, UNESCO World Heritage Sites area. The trust is operated under the Pashupati Area Development Trust Act. 1987. The trust operates regular worshipping activities. PADT operates other charitable institutions like Hindu Funerals, Funeral support centers, and Old-age orphanage house.

e. Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP)

Ans: The Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP') is considered to be the most worthwhile tong-term alternatives to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu Valley, The Project is designed to divert about 170 MLD of freshwater to Kathmandu Valley from the Melamchi River in Sindhupalchowk district Enlarging this supply by adding about a further 170 MLD each from the Yangri and Larke rivers, which lie in the upstream proximity of Melamchi is also being investigated as future supply sources

5. Discuss briefly the need and importance of the projects for the development of the nation

Ans: A project plays a very important role in the development of the nation. Some of the need important of the projects for the development of the nation are presented below.

a. Projects increase the infrastructures of the site Locals can be benefited from this

b. Development of Human Resources as per the need of the project takes place in the region.

c. Organization of development administration takes place, and the culture of group efforts grows.

d. People feel responsible for building the nation and contribute as much as possible due to the improvement in their life.

e. National economy grows and national development accelerates.

6.  Why are the projects not completed as scheduled in time in Nepali How can the problem be solved? Write in points.

Ans: If we forget some of the exceptional cases, most of the projects fail in Nepal Several reasons have been identified in Nepal behind the situation. Some of them are presented below.

a. Poorly managed ideas and the execution of inefficient policies

b Undefined objectives and goals

c. Lack of management commitment

d. Lack of a concrete project plan

e. Lack of organizational support

f. Centralized proactive management initiatives to combat project risk

g. Enterprise management of budget resources.

h. Poorly defined roles and responsibilities

i. Inadequate or vague requirements

j. Stakeholder conflict

k. Insufficient resources (funding and personnel)

l. Overruns of schedule and cost

m. Inadequate testing processes

n. Bad decisions

For the reasons mentioned above, the following ways may be applicable in order control them.

a. Proper management

b. Determined objectives

c. Financial management

d. Strong rules and regulations

e. Management of sufficient resources

f. Management of conflicts

g.Making timely and right decision

7. What is considered as the infrastructure of the projects? Describe.

Ans: Infrastructure means the prerequisite that supports development for better results. Achieving the targeted goals becomes possible by the proper development of infrastructures. The infrastructures of development are also the infrastructures of the projects. The infrastructures of  the projects are mentioned below

a. Physical resources and, water, building, road etc

b. Economic resources- funding, investment

c. Human resources- human power and their skills

d. Social resources human skill, knowledge, efficiency etc.

8. Why is it good to run projects with national funding? Give your logic.

Ans: To run the projects in any country generate Income from either national or international investors. Basically, Nepal like countries depends more on international donations, grants, investment, etc. As far as possible it is good to run projects with national funding. The reasons behind it are presented below.

a. It stops outflow of Nepalese currency to other countries.

b. Locals and experts get employment opportunity.

c. Nepalese investors are encouraged by this system,

d. The benefits that we achieve can be used for national development

The feeling of ownership develops among the consumers and investors, as a result unwanted obstacles are not created.

f. Local means and resources are utilized properly.

9. Divide your class into four groups Entrust the first group with the responsibility of collection of various projects punished in daily newspapers, second from the weekly, third fortnightly magazines and forth from the monthly magazine Prepare a piece of news to be published in a newspaper on the basis of the descriptions punished in the newspapers

 

Ans

 

Solar Power Project

Our correspondent Kathmandu, June 13

 

A 15-year project has been run by the Asian Development Bank (ADES), Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) ani international organization and the Government of Nepal. It is scheduled to be implemented in various phases. The first please started in 2018 and will end in 2020, The program has been using all over the country through the Ministry of Education and Sport. This program aims at increasing the student involvement rate, providing access to secondary level education to everyone, and improving the physical infrastructure required for school education. The program also revises the school curriculum, develops textbooks, and provides and promotes training and necessary materials for training. This project has assisted the government of Nepal to materialize its dream to provide education to everyone to a great extent.